Therefore, killers see the act of killing as a necessity, rather than obtaining any enjoyment out of the kill, per se. In these killings, there is, therefore, no unnecessary means of killing, infliction of unnecessary pain, or evidence of enjoyment. There was also no evidence of overkill in any of the cases, although torture was commonly used. This suggests a correlation with sexual behaviour and a need to inflict pain. Additionally, results are incongruent with previous literature on typologies, as there was no consistent pattern for method of killing and disposal of the body within each typology.
Thus, the reliability of isolated typologies is less mutually exclusive than previously believed, and more attention should be paid to what factors influence specific methods of killing than to the motivations of individual offenders. Indeed, it may be that the cross-sectional approach to typology defining could be developed to include temporal dimensions. The current analytical method can be used to show linkages between behaviours and events, over time, which may provide investigators with a clearer understand and method for developing typologies.
A limitation of the current research is the potential influence of additional life events that may intervene in the current diagrams, as these were not available to be analysed.
Given the nature of the coding and behaviour sequence analysis, future research can be added directly to the current data to extend the sequence pattern, and other influential factors can be added.
Indeed, this research marks the beginning of a new framework for understanding life histories and behaviours of serial killers, which can be developed and expanded. Future research should aim to fill in the gaps between childhood abuse and other life events leading up to the first murder, and then further murders.
The methods and statistics are open to additions being imputed into the sequences at later times, to develop more complex sequential chains. Therefore, overall behaviours across murders are presented in the current dataset. While we acknowledge this is a limitation of the study, it still indicates typical crime scene behaviours for each individual killer. This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.
Abbie Marono has declared no conflicts of interest. Sasha Reid has declared no conflicts of interest. Enzo Yaksic has declared no conflicts of interest. David Keatley has declared no conflicts of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Psychiatr Psychol Law v. Psychiatr Psychol Law. Published online Feb 6. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
Email: ua. Key words: behaviour sequence analysis, crime, homicide, profiling, serial killer. Present study The present study uses a BSA approach to investigate the effects of different types of early childhood abuse physical, psychological, and sexual abuse on later serial killings. Methods Sample An all-male sample of serial killers with a documented history of childhood abuse was collected.
Coding procedure The sample was split according to the type of abuse experienced in childhood. Statistical analysis After data were coded into chains of discrete behaviours and categories, data were entered into the statistical software R R Core Team, and analysed using a behaviour sequence analysis program developed by the researchers.
Results The main stage of BSA is to focus on the transitions between pairs of behaviours. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Sexualabuse Unlike the other types of abuse, sexual abuse was linked to all four typologies see Figure 4. Figure 4. Figure 5. Notes 1 It is possible that other, unmeasured variables play an important role in the sequence; however, the current research is presented as a framework foundation on which more complex sequences can be built in the future.
Correction Statement This article has been republished with minor changes. Ethical standards Declaration of conflicts of interest Abbie Marono has declared no conflicts of interest. Ethical approval This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. References Beale, D. Temporal architecture of violent incidents.
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Journal of Sexual Aggression , 23 3 , — Bedroom rape sequences of sexual behavior in stranger assaults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 20 11 , — For some reason Smith could not give a definite answer as to why he had committed the crime. A psychiatrist diagnosed Smith and found out the answer, he was suffering from intermittent explosive disorder a dangerous condition where a person loses control of the inner rage.
Smith was convicted of second-degree murder and sent to prison. Graham Young, from an early age was fascinated with chemistry, especially poison. Hawley Crippen, among others. Young began experimenting with poisons at the age of 14 and started buying chemicals in the name of school experiment.
His family and friends were his victims. His father suddenly on day becomes ill, next the wife and then the daughter. All of them suffered from continuous vomiting, diarrhea and stomach pains. In , Young kills his grandmother via poison. Young was sent to hospital where he started poisoning hospital staff and fellow inmates even causing a death. At the age of 23 Young was released and he went to live with his sister.
But his old urge remained and he started poisoning people again. Young was sent back to prison where he eventually died many years later. Jon and Robert found a little boy — James Bulger, waiting for his mother and the idea of the little boy getting knocked over by a vehicle thrilled them.
They took the little boy and started walking while punching, kicking him all the way. They picked little James up and dropped him on his head.
James reportedly died sometime before the train hit him. Pomeroy showed cruel streaks at the age He had once trapped seven children and tied and tortured them using a knife or pins.
He was soon caught and sent to a reform school, where he was to stay until he was 21, but was released after a year on accounts of good behaviour. After three years he reportedly kidnapped and killed a 10 year old girl, named Katie Curran. He was also accused of murdering a 4 year old boy, whose mutilated body was found in a Bay. Jesse Pomeroy was sentenced to life imprisonment making him the youngest human convicted of first degree murder, in the history of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Mary such behaviour can be reason with the terrible life she was born in. She, for some reason grew up believing her father Billy Bell was a criminal who had been earlier arrested for armed robbery. Since these children did not have control in the household, they resorted to killing small animals in which they could exert their dominance and power over to do anything that pleased them Fox In a study of sixty two male serial killers, Eric Hicky a criminologist found that, forty eight percent of them had been rejected as children by a parent or some other important person in their lives Fox Though this happens to many children, it certainly represents a turning point for those who become serial killers.
Once rejected many of these killers begin to dive into their self indulgences and are unable to understand how and who they are when going through puberty. Victims of abuse and rejection, serial killers find comfort in their fantasies and dreams that take them into a realm that only they can control. Psychokillers take their fantasies and make them a reality living their dreams. Growing up Jeffrey Dahmer had felt rejected by his parents and in turn kept the violent homosexual thoughts inside of him.
Dahmer fantasized of having a male sexual partner but in his thoughts he received pleasure not only by having intercourse but also killing his partner. The need to kill fulfils this sexual desire of many killers turning their fantasies into a controllable reality. Without a proper relationship to model after in the household many of these killers do not understand to truly must interact with each other and coexist peacefully.
Serial killers are violent humans and the only way to stop their killing sprees many argue is to put a stop to domestic violence in the household. Understanding how and why serial killers commit such horrific crimes is an important step to stopping the homicidal rampages these psychokillers go on.
Scientists searched and found what is believed to be hard evidence, that genetics is the key role in determining who becomes a serial killer unlike criminologists and psychologists who argue that large events such as abuse and abandonment create the setting and foundation in which serial killers grow into sadistic mass murders. Though both arguments are strongly proved and explained through research and statistics neither are individually the answer to why serial killers exist.
In reviewing the evidence of both explanations I have found that it is a mix of both genetics and cultural upbringings. Though many humans must deal with violent situations as children and experience horrific events many do not become mass murderers.
It is true that many children who are victims of abuse become violent in their adult lives but to cross into the category of a serial killer one must be born with a different biochemical makeup. In my conclusion nature does choose what traits we are born with but at the same time these traits cannot be exposed without a mechanism that triggers these individuals to commit these horrific crimes.
Without the alignment of both natural genetic defects and the cultural nurturing in which humans are brought up in, serial killers cannot become vicious killers.
If we can curb domestic violence then the chances for a serial killer to become violent will decrease significantly making our world a safer place. Bibliography Bromberg, Walter. New York: Macmillan, Corin, Lucy. Fox, James Alan and Jack Levin. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Abel, Donald C. Freud on Instinct and Morality. Ramsland, Katherin M. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, Athens, Lonnie H.
The Creation of Dangerous Violent Criminals. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, Stein, Abby. Mahwah, NJ: Analytic Press, Weiner, Bernard. Theories of Motivation: from mechanism to cognition. This designation is awarded to Diplomates who have made significant contributions to the field and to the Academy or the Center.
Serial Killer: Nature vs. Nurture How Serial Killers are Born www. Make a donation. Thank you! Your submission has been received!
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